• 1,025 people have been shot and killed by police in the past year.
• There are somewhere between 900 and 1,100 people who are shot and killed by police in the United States each year.
• Since 2005, 98 non-federal law enforcement officers have been arrested in connection with fatal, on-duty shootings. To date, only 35 of these officers have been convicted of a crime, often a lesser offense such as manslaughter or negligent homicide, rather than murder. Only three officers have been convicted of murder during this period and seen their convictions stand. Another 22 officers were acquitted in a jury trial and nine were acquitted during a bench trial decided by a judge. 10 other cases were dismissed by a judge or a prosecutor, and in one instance no true bill was returned from a grand jury. Currently, there are 21 non-federal law enforcement officers with pending criminal cases for fatal shootings.

There is an obvious disparity in how the general public view fatal encounters between police and Black people. 66% said these encounters were isolated incidents.

• 84% of Black adults say white people are treated better than black people by police; 63% of white adults agree based on 2019 research on police relations.
• 87% of Black adults say the U.S. criminal justice system is more unjust towards Black people; 61% of white adults agree.
• Despite the fact that more white people have been killed by police, Black and Hispanic people are disproportionately impacted.  While white people make up a little over 60% of the population, they only make up about 41% of fatal police shootings.  Black people make up 13.4% of the population, but make up 22% of fatal police shootings.  This does not take into consideration other forms of police brutality, including non-lethal shootings.

The number of people shot to death by the police in the United States from 2017 to 2020, by race. 

The primary purpose of the court system is to try each case presented, render a verdict, and determine sentencing.

• Individual rights are protected by the Constitution in the court of law, such as follows;
  • The right to face your accuser
  • The right to not incriminate oneself
  • The right to counsel
  • The right to a jury trial
• The jury must be a fair cross-section of the community, which in most cases should not lead to a jury composed of a single race or gender. Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court ruling that a prosecutor’s use of a peremptory challenge in a criminal case — the dismissal of jurors without stating a valid cause for doing so — may not be used to exclude jurors based solely on their race.  A Batson challenge is a challenge made by one party in a case to the other party’s use of peremptory challenges to eliminate potential jurors from the jury on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or religion. A trial usually begins with jury selection.
• One out of every three Black boys born today can expect to be sentenced to prison, compared 1 out 6 Latino boys; one out of 17 white boys.
• Sentencing reform addresses the inequities in sentencing as a result of the court’s due process.
  • For example, Delaware lawmakers enacted Senate Bill 47, a measure that removes geographic-based sentencing enhancements – “drug-free” school zones – that disproportionately impact those living in urban areas and are known to exacerbate racially disparate sentencing outcomes. In recent years, New Jersey, Indiana, and Utah adopted legislation to scale back drug zone sentencing enhancements.
  • California lawmakers passed Senate Bill 136 to repeal the one-year sentence enhancement for each prior prison or county jail felony term. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation estimated that 10,000 persons currently incarcerated were serving a sentence that included a one-year enhancement.
• 5% of illicit drug users are African American, yet African Americans represent 29% of those arrested and 33% of those incarcerated for drug offenses.
  • In the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 17 million white people and 4 million African Americans reported having used an illicit drug within the last month.
  • African Americans and whites use drugs at similar rates, but the imprisonment rate of African Americans for drug charges is almost 6 times that of whites.
• As of October 2016, there have been 1900 exonerations of the wrongfully accused, 47% of the exonerated were African American.
• African American defendants are 22% more likely to have convictions involving police misconduct that eventually result in exoneration.

The correctional branch of the criminal justice system involves a network of agencies that administer prisons and programs like parole and probation boards in a given jurisdiction.

• There are 3 million people in jail and prison today, far outpacing population growth and crime. Between 1980 and 2015, the number of people incarcerated increased from roughly 500,000 to 2.2. million.
• Despite making up close to 5% of the global population, the U.S. has nearly 25% of the world’s prison population.
• 32% of the US population is represented by African Americans and Hispanics, compared to 56% of the US incarcerated population being represented by African Americans and Hispanics.
  • In 2014, African Americans constituted 2.3 million, or 34%, of the total 6.8 million correctional population.
  • African Americans are incarcerated at more than 5 times the rate of whites.
  • The imprisonment rate for African American women is 2x that of white women.
  • Nationwide, African American children represent 32% of children who are arrested, 42% of children who are detained, and 52% of children whose cases are judicially waived to criminal court. African American children represent 14% of the population.
• 7% of adults in the US are under correctional supervision. That equates to one out of every 37 adults in the United States.
• In 2012 alone, the United States spent nearly $81 billion on corrections.
  • Spending on prisons and jails has increased at triple the rate of spending on Pre‐K‐12 public education in the last thirty years.
• Prisons are overpopulated. Since 1970, our incarcerated population has increased by 700%.
• Since 1991 the rate of violent crime in the United States has fallen by about 20%, while the number of people in prison or jail has risen by 50%.
• If African Americans and Hispanics were incarcerated at the same rates as whites, prison and jail populations would decline by almost 40%.
• $80 billion taxpayer dollars are spent on our current prison system, accounting for one out of every 15-state general fund discretionary dollars (2nd fastest-growing category for state budgets).

• Inmates are five times more likely to be infected by HIV than the general population.
• Approximately 10% to 20% of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness, which is often made worse during incarceration.
• Many of the formerly incarcerated also suffer from a loss of their rights as a result of their records:
  • In 34 states, people who are on parole or probation cannot vote.
  • In 12 states, a felony conviction means never voting again.
  • In addition, prior incarceration can affect one’s ability to secure certain federal benefits or get a job.
• The effects of incarceration are felt by the families and communities of those individuals:
  • More than one out of every six black men who today should be between 25 and 54 years old have disappeared from daily life. Incarceration and early deaths are the main drivers behind their absence. A history of incarceration has been linked to vulnerability to disease, a greater likelihood of cigarette smoking, and even premature death. Their absence from the community removes voters, workers, taxpayers, and more.
  • Children whose parents are involved in the criminal justice system suffer from: psychological strain, antisocial behavior, suspension or expulsion from school, economic hardship, and are six times more likely to be involved in criminal activity.
  • Partners of incarcerated individuals suffer from depression and economic hardship.

• 650,000 Americans return to their communities from prison each year. About half of them will return to prison within a few years.
• Nearly 50,000 legal restrictions against people with arrest and conviction records routinely block access to jobs, housing, and educational opportunities, which significantly contributes towards high rates of increased interactions with the criminal justice system and reincarceration of people who have been released from prison.
• Nearly 75% of formerly incarcerated people are still unemployed a year after release. A lack of stable employment increases the likelihood that an individual will return to jail or prison. In fact, research has found that joblessness is the single most important predictor of recidivism.